What is the basic principle of lithium battery?

Lithium battery is a battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as anode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion batteries are primary batteries and rechargeable batteries. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements, so lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of microelectronic technology at the end of the 20th century, the number of miniaturized devices is increasing day by day, which puts forward high requirements for power supply. Lithium batteries have entered a large-scale practical stage. Lithium batteries are generally divided into two categories, as follows:

1. Lithium metal batteries: lithium metal batteries generally use manganese dioxide as the cathode material, lithium metal or its alloy metal as the cathode material, and non-aqueous electrolyte solution.

2. Lithium ion batteries: lithium ion batteries generally use lithium alloy metal oxide as cathode material, graphite as cathode material and non-aqueous electrolyte.

Although the energy density of lithium metal battery is high, it can theoretically reach 3860 watts / kg. However, due to its unstable nature and inability to charge, it cannot be used as a power battery for repeated use. Lithium ion battery is developed as a main power battery because of its ability to recharge repeatedly. However, due to the coordination of different elements, the cathode materials have great differences in performance in all aspects, resulting in increased disputes over the route of cathode materials in the industry

Basic principle of lithium battery
Basic principle of lithium battery
Lithium metal battery:
Lithium metal batteries generally use manganese dioxide as cathode material, lithium metal or its alloy metal as cathode material, and non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
Discharge reaction: li+mno2=limno2
Lithium ion battery:
Lithium ion batteries generally use lithium alloy metal oxide as cathode material, graphite as cathode material and non-aqueous electrolyte.
The reaction on the charging positive electrode is
Licoo2=li (1-x) coo2+xli++xe- (Electronic)
The reaction on the charging negative electrode is
6C+xLi++xe- = LixC6
Total reaction of rechargeable battery: licoo2+6c = Li (1-x) coo2+lixc6